Hyperbolic homeomorphisms of countable compacta
Given a continuous map \(f:X\rightarrow Y\), a bi-infinite sequence \((x_{i})_{i\in Z}\) of points in \(X\) is called a {full orbit} of \(f\) if \(x_{i+1}=f(x_{i})\) for every \(i\in \mathbb{Z}\). Then, a surjective continuous map \(f:X\rightarrow X\) is said to be \(c\)-{expansive} if there is \(e>0\), called an expansive constant for \(f\), such that for any pair of full orbits \((x_{i})_{i\in \mathbb{Z}}\) and \((y_{i})_{i\in \mathbb{Z}}\) of \(f\), \(\mathrm{sup}_{i\in \mathbb{Z}}d(x_{i}, y_{i})\leq e\) implies \(x_{i}=y_{i}\) for every \(i\in \mathbb{Z}\). Note that when \(f\) is a homeomorphism, being \(c\)-expansive is equivalent to being {expansive} in the standard defination. For a continuous map \(f:X\rightarrow X\), a sequence \((X_{i})_{i\geq0}\) of points in \(X\) is called a \(\delta\)-pseudo orbit of \(f\) if \(d(f(x_{i}),x_{i+1})\leq \delta\) for all \(i\geq0\). For \(\epsilon>0\), a \(\delta\)-pseudo orbit \((x_{i})_{i\geq0}\) of \(f\) is said to be \(\epsilon\)-{shadowed} by \(x\in X\) if \(d(f^{i}(x), x_{i})\leq \epsilon\) for all \(i\geq0\). We say that \(f\) has the {shadowing property} if for any \(\epsilon >0\), there is \(\delta >0\) such that every \(\delta\)-pseudo orbit of \(f\) is \(\epsilon\)-shadowed by some point of \(X\). Note that when \(f\) is a homeomorphism, this definition is equivalent to the one with ``\(i\in \mathbb{Z}\) instead of ``\(i\geq0\). In this paper the following results are proved: Theorem. Let \(X\) be a compact metric space and let \(f:X\rightarrow X\) be a \(c\)-expansive map with the shadowing property. Then, the following properties are equivalent: (1) There are only finitely many periodic points for \(f\); (2) There is an integer \(N>0\) such that \(X^{(N)}=\emptyset\); (3) \(X\) is a countable set; (4) The topological entropy of \(f\) is zero. Moreover, if \(f\) is Lipschitz continuous with respect to the metric \(d\), then the following is also equivalent to the above properties: the Hausdorff dimension of \((X,d)\) is zero. Theorem. Let \(X\) be a countable compactum. Then, the following properties are equivalent: (1) There is an expansive homeomorphism \(f:X\rightarrow X\) with the shadowing property; (2) There is an integer \(N\geq0\) such that \(d(X)=N\) and \(\# X^{(N)}\geq N+1\).
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