Imaging traction stresses
In studies of cell locomotion and motility, a major goal has been to correlate the kinematic observations available by direct cytological methods and the underlying processes of cytoskeletal force generation. An important contribution to this program was the basic idea of observing the reactions of elastic substrata to the presence of locomoting or adhering cells. Measurements of substratum deformation are merely secondary reflections of the underlying biologically generated traction forces. Therefore, in order to deduce the actual traction stresses being exerted on a substratum at each location by cytoskeletal activity it is necessary to process the information inherent in displacement measurements by some sort of statistical procedure. Our approach to the calculation of such ``traction images starts by approximating the distribution of traction stresses acting on the substratum as a superposition of elementary ``delta function influences. Next, given a set of noisy displacement observations, we use standard methods of data fitting to find the most likely amplitudes and locations of the elementary influences. We give only an abbreviated summary of needed techniques and the results obtained. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0877.00017].
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