Index sums of isolated singular points of positive vector fields

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2009.25.1033MaRDI QIDQ1034187zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 11 November 2009

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2009.25.1033

homotopy index sum positive vector fields singular points

Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Dynamics induced by flows and semiflows (37C10) Degree theory for nonlinear operators (47H11)

Review text

Let \(\dot x = V(x)\), \(x \in \mathbb R^n\), be a smooth \textit{positive} vector field, i.e., the positive orthant \(\mathbb R^n_+ = \{ x\in \mathbb R^n : x_i \geq 0\}\) is forward invariant. For given numbers \(\overline{r} > r > 0\) define the set \(D(r,\overline{r}) = \{x\in \mathbb R^n_+ : r \leq \|x\| \leq \overline{r}\}\). The author proves that if \(V(x)\) has only isolated singular points in \(D(r,\overline{r})\) and has no singular points in \(\partial D(r,\overline{r})\), then the sum of indices of the singular points in \(D(r,\overline{r})\) is equal to \(\deg (f_r,K) - \deg (f_{\overline{r}},K)\), where \(\deg (f_r,K)\) is the standard degree of the map \(f_r(x) = V(x)/\|V(x)\|\), \(x \in \mathbb R^n_+ \cap S^{n-1}_r\), at a regular value \(y=f_r(x) \in \mathbb R^n_- \cap S^{n-1}_1\) (here \(S^{n-1}_r\) is the sphere of radius \(r\) with the center at the origin).

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