Infinite class towers for function fields

Let \(K={\mathbb F}_q(t)\) be the rational function field of characteristic \(p\) and let \(A={\mathbb F}_q[t]\). Let \(K_0\) be a finite separable extension of \(K\). Let \(S_{K_0}\) be the set of infinite places in \(K_0\). For \(i=0,1,2, \ldots,\) let \(K_{i+1}\) be the maximal abelian unramified \(p\)-extension of \(K_i\) in which all infinite primes of \(K_i\) decompose fully. If \(K_i \subsetneqq K_{i+1}\) for all \(i\), we say that \(K_0\) admits an \textit{infinite Hilbert \((p,S_{K_0})\)-class field tower}. Let \({\mathcal O}_{K_0}\) denote the integral closure of \(A\) in \(K_0\), and \(Cl_{K_0}\) and \(\tilde{Cl}_{K_0}\) the ideal class group of \(K_0\) and of \({\mathcal O}_{K_0}\) respectively. \textit{R. Schoof} proved in [J. Number Theory 41, No. 1, 6--14 (1992; Zbl 0762.11026)] that if \(d_p(\tilde{Cl}_{K_0})\geq 2+2\sqrt{ d_p({\mathcal O}_K^{\ast})+1}\), where \(d_p\) denotes the \(p\)-rank, \(K_0\) admits an infinite Hilbert \((p,S_{K_0})\)-class field tower. Schoof also showed that if \(K_0/F\) is an intermediate cyclic extension of degree \(p\), where \(p\) is the characteristic of \(K\), then \(d_p(\tilde{Cl}_{K_0})\geq \rho -1-d_p({\mathcal O}_F^{\ast})\) where \(\rho\) denotes the number of places in \(F\) that are ramified in \(K_0\). Therefore, if \(\rho\geq 3+d_p({\mathcal O}_k^{\ast}) +2\sqrt{d_p({\mathcal O}_{K_0}^{\ast})+1}\) then \(K_0\) admits an infinite Hilbert \((p,S_{K_0})\)-class field tower. The main result of the paper is: let \(P\) be an irreducible polynomial in \({\mathbb F}_q[t]\). Suppose that there exists a cyclotomic function field \(K(\lambda_{P^m})\) for some \(m\in{\mathbb N}\) and a cyclic unramified extension \(H/K(\lambda_{P^m})\) of prime degree \(h\neq p\) such that all the infinite places split completely which satisfy either of the following two conditions: (I) \(p||\tilde{Cl}_H|\), \(p\nmid |\tilde{Cl}_{K(\lambda_{P^m})}|\) and \(f^2_{p,h}-4f_{p,h} \geq \frac{4h\Phi(P^m)}{q-1}\); (II) \(p\nmid |\tilde{Cl}_H|\) and \(h\geq \frac{4p\Phi(P^m)}{q-1}+4\), where \(f_{p,h}=o(p\bmod h)\), \(\Phi(P^m)=q^{dm}-q^{d(m-1)}\) with \(d=\deg P\). Then there exist a function field \(K_0/K\) ramified only at \(P\) and \(\infty\) that admits an infinite Hilbert \((p,S_{K_0})\)-class field towers. As an application the author shows that there exist extensions \(K_0\) over cyclotomic function fields \(K(\lambda_{P^m})\), ramified over \({\mathbb F}_q(t)\) only at one regular finite prime \(P\in{\mathbb F}_q [t]\) (that is \(p\nmid |\tilde{Cl}_{K(\lambda_P)}|)\) which admit an infinite \((p, S_{K_0})\)-class field tower. Finally the author provides some examples of fields \(K_0\) with infinite \((p,S_{K_0})\)-class field tower. Namely: (1) \({\mathbb F}_q (t)(\lambda_P)\), where \(q=3\) and \(P(t)=2+2t+t^4\) or \(2+t+t^4\); (2) \({\mathbb F}_7(t)(\lambda_{t^2})\); (3) \({\mathbb F}_{11}(t)(\lambda_{t^2})\); (3) \({\mathbb F}_5(t)(\lambda_{t^3})\); (4) \({\mathbb F}_3(t)(\lambda_{t^4})\); (5) \({\mathbb F}_3(t)(\lambda_{t^5})\).

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