Instability of set differential equations
In this paper, the authors establish some conditions for the collapse of the solutions for the following Cauchy problem \[ D_HX(t)=F(t,X(t)),\quad X(t_0)=X_0,\eqno{(1)} \] where \(D_H\) is the operator of Hukuhara derivative, \(X(t)\in\operatorname{conv}(\mathbb R^n)\), \(F:[t_0,+\infty)\times\operatorname{conv}(\mathbb R^n)\to\operatorname{conv}(\mathbb R^n)\), \(X_0\in\operatorname{conv}(\mathbb R^n)\) and \(\operatorname{conv}(\mathbb R^n)\) denotes the metric space of convex compacts sets from \(\mathbb R^n\) with Hausdorff-Pompeiu metric. Using the geometric inequalities of Brunn-Minkowski and A. D. Aleksandrov, the Lyapunov's direct method, as well as the scalar comparison differential equation \[ \frac{dr_k(t)}{dt}=nr^{(n-1)/n}(t)\psi^{1/n}(t,r(t)),\quad r(t_0)=r_0,\eqno{(2)} \] or the system of differential equation (comparison system) \[ \frac{dr(t)}{dt}=(n-k)r_k^{1/2}(t)\psi_k^{1/2}(t,r_0(t),\dots,r_{n-1}(t)),\,r_k(t_0)=r_{k0},\,k=1,\dots,n-1,\eqno{(3)} \] where \(\psi:[t_0,+\infty)\times\operatorname{int}(\mathbb R^m_+)\to\mathbb R^m\) is a quasi-monotonically increasing function (that is, if for all \((t,u),(t,v)\in[t_0,+\infty)\times\operatorname{int}(\mathbb R^m_+)\) and for all \(i=1,\dots,m\), the inequality \(\psi_i(t,u)\geq\psi_i(t,v)\) holds, whenever \(v\leq u\) and \(u_i=v_i\)). The authors show that under some suitable conditions the solution \(X(t,t_0,X_0)\) of (1) collapses in time \(\tau(t_0,X_0)\leq\omega^+(t_0,r_0)-t_0\), that is, \[ \lim\limits_{t\to\omega^+(t_0,r_0)-0}\| X(t,t_0,X_0)\|=\infty. \] Here \([t_0,\omega^+(t_0,r_0))\) denotes the right maximal existence interval for the minimal solution \(r^-(t,t_0,r_0)\) of one of the Cauchy problems (2) or (3). Also, using appropriate hypotheses and corresponding scalar comparison differential equations, the authors obtain some conditions for the collapse of the solutions of (1) in the particular cases \(n=2\) and \(n=3\). Finally, two examples illustrating the particular cases \(n=2\) and \(n=3\) are given.
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