Integer solutions of a sequence of decomposable form inequalities
Let \({\mathbb{K}}\) be a number field. The authors study decomposable forms with coefficients in \({\mathbb{K}}\), i.e. forms in \(F\in\mathbb{K}[X_0,X_1, \ldots,X_m]\), which split into linear forms over the field of algebraic numbers. Let \(S\) be a finite set of places of \({\mathbb{K}}\) which contains all the archimedean ones, then \(O_S\) denotes the set of \(S\)-integers of \({\mathbb{K}}\) and \(H_S\) is a certain height over \({\mathbb{K}}^{m+1}\). The main result of this paper is: Theorem: Let \(q\), \(m\) and \(\nu \) be as above with \(q>2m\), \(\nu <q-2m\), and let \(c\) be a positive number and \({\mathbb{G}}\) a finite extension of \({\mathbb{K}}\). For \(n\geq 1\) let \(F_n\in O_S[X_0,X_1, \ldots,X_m]\) denote a decomposable form of degree \(q\) which factorizes into linear factors over \({\mathbb{G}}\), and suppose that these factors are in general position for each \(n\). There there does not exist an infinite sequence of \(O_S^\times\) non-proportional \({\mathbf x}_n\in O_S^{m+1}\) for which \[ 0<N_S \bigl(F_n(\mathbf x_n)\bigr) \leq c H_S({\mathbf x}_n)^\nu \quad \text{for} \nu \geq 1, \] and \[ h(F_n) =o\bigl(h({\mathbf x}_n)\bigr) \quad\text{ if} h({\mathbf x}_n)\to \infty \;\text{as} n \to \infty. \] [We refer the reader to the original paper for the technical definitions which appear in this statement.] One important tool to prove this general result is the subspace theorem with moving targets proved by \textit{Min Ru} and \textit{P. Vojta} [Invent. Math. 127, No. 1, 51-65 (1997)]. The paper ends with several consequences of this result. Among them is the following which is simple to state: Let \(q\) and \(m\) be positive integers with \(q>2m\) and let \(P\in O_S[X]\) be a squarefree polynomial of degree \(q\). Then for given \(c>0\) and \(\nu <q-2m\) the resultant inequality \[ 0<N_S\bigl(\text{Res}(P,Q)\bigr) \leq cH_S(Q)^\nu, \quad Q\in O_S[X],\;\deg Q=m, \] has only finitely many \(O_S^\times\) non-proportional solutions \(Q\). Most of these consequences are improvements of several results of the first author.
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