Integrable Lagrangians and modular forms
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KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25)
Abstract: We investigate non-degenerate Lagrangians of the form int f(u_x, u_y, u_t) dx dy dt such that the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations are integrable by the method of hydrodynamic reductions. We demonstrate that the integrability conditions, which constitute an involutive over-determined system of fourth order PDEs for the Lagrangian density f, are invariant under a 20-parameter group of Lie-point symmetries whose action on the moduli space of integrable Lagrangians has an open orbit. The density of the `master-Lagrangian' corresponding to this orbit is shown to be a modular form in three variables defined on a complex hyperbolic ball. We demonstrate how the knowledge of the symmetry group allows one to linearise the integrability conditions.
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Cited in
(14)- Characteristic Lie algebras of integrable differential-difference equations in 3D
- Second-order integrable Lagrangians and WDVV equations
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- Integrable pseudopotentials related to generalized hypergeometric functions
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