Integral operators with rough kernels in variable Lebesgue spaces

In this paper the authors study the boundedness of an integral operator from \(L^{p(\cdot)}\) into \(L^{q(\cdot)}\) for \(\frac{1}{p(\cdot)}=\frac{1}{q(\cdot)}+\frac{\alpha}{n}\), \(0\leq \alpha \leq n\) for certain exponent functions \(p(\cdot)\) satisfying weaker conditions than the classical log-Hölder conditions.\par We denote by \(\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) the family of measurable functions \(p(\cdot): \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow [1,\infty)\), and let \(p_{-}= {\text{ess}\;\inf}\ p(x)\) and \(p_{+}= {\text{ess}\;\sup}\ p(x)\). Given \(p \in \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^n)\), we say that \(p \in N_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) if there exist constants \(\Lambda_{\infty}\) and \(p_{\infty}\) such that \[\int_{D_{+}}\exp(-\Lambda_{\infty}\vert \frac{1}{p(x)}-\frac{1}{p_{\infty}}\vert ^{-1})dx < \infty,\] where \(D_{+}=\{x \in \mathbb{R}^n: \vert \frac{1}{p(x)}-\frac{1}{p_{\infty}}\vert > 0 \}\), and \(p \in K_{0}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) if there exists a constant \(C\) such that for every cube \(Q\) \[\vert \vert \chi_{Q}\vert \vert_{L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\vert \vert \chi_{Q}\vert \vert_{L^{p^\prime(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)} \leq C\vert Q\vert .\] Let \(m \in \mathbb{N}\). For \(1 \leq i \leq m\), let \(1 < q_{i} < \infty\) be such that \(\frac{n}{q_{1}}+\cdots +\frac{n}{q_{m}}=n-\alpha\), \(0 \leq \alpha < n\). For \(\alpha =0\) we take \(m > 1\). We denote by \(\Sigma\) the unit sphere in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Let \(\Omega_{i} \in L^1(\Sigma)\), \(1 \leq i \leq m\) as \(\Omega_{i}(x)=\Omega_{i}(x^\prime)\) for \(x=\vert x\vert x^\prime \in \mathbb{R}^n\setminus \{0 \}\) and let \(K(x,y)=k_{1}(x-A_{1}y)\cdots k_{m}(x-A_{m}y)\), where \(k_{i}(x)=\Omega_{i}(x)/\vert x\vert ^{n/q_{i}}\) and \(A_{i}\) are invertible matrices such that \(A_{i}-A_{j}\) is invertible for \(i \neq j\), \(1 \leq i\), \(j \leq m\). Let \(T_{\alpha}\) be the integral operator with the kernel \(K(x,y)\), that is, \[T_{\alpha}f(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}K(x,y)f(y)\ dy.\] The authors prove the following main theorem: Assume the functions \(\Omega_{i}\), \(1 \leq i \leq m\), satisfy the following conditions: (1) there exist \(p_{i}> q_{i}\) such that \(\Omega_{i} \in L^{p_{i}}(\Sigma)\), (2) \(\int_0^1 \sup_{\vert y\vert < t}\vert \vert \Omega_{i}(\cdot+y)-\Omega_{i}(\cdot)\vert \vert_{L^{p_{i}}(\Sigma)}\frac{dt}{t} < \infty\). Let \(s \geq 1\) be defined by \(\frac{1}{p_{1}}+ \cdots \frac{1}{p_{m}}+\frac{1}{s}=1\) and let \(p \in \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be such that \(1 \leq s < p_{-} \leq p_{+} < \frac{n}{\alpha}\) and such that \(p(A_{i}x) \leq p(x)\) a.e., \(x \in \mathbb{R}^n\) and let \(q \in \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be defined by \(\frac{1}{p(\cdot)}-\frac{1}{q(\cdot)}=\frac{n}{\alpha}\). If \(\frac{q(\cdot)}{s} \in N_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n) \cap K_{0}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) then \(T_{\alpha}\) extends to a bounded operator from \(L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) into \(L^{q(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)\).

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