Intercalates and discrepancy in random Latin squares

DOI10.1002/RSA.20742MaRDI QIDQ4564855zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Matthew Kwan, Benny Sudakov

Publication date 7 June 2018

Published in Random Structures \& Algorithms (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.04981

zbMATH Keywords

discrepancyintercalateLatin squarelow-discrepancy Latin squares

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Orthogonal arrays, Latin squares, Room squares (05B15)

Abstract: An intercalate in a Latin square is a $2imes2$ Latin subsquare. Let $N$ be the number of intercalates in a uniformly random $nimesn$ Latin square. We prove that asymptotically almost surely $Ngeleft(1-oleft(1ight)ight),n^2/4$, and that $mathbbENleleft(1+oleft(1ight)ight),n^2/2$ (therefore asymptotically almost surely $Nlef{n}^2$ for any $foinfty$). This significantly improves the previous best lower and upper bounds. We also give an upper tail bound for the number of intercalates in two fixed rows of a random Latin square. In addition, we discuss a problem of Linial and Luria on low-discrepancy Latin squares.

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