Intermediate optimal gevrey exponents occur
Let \(L\) be a differential operator with \(C^\infty\) coefficients: \(L\) is said to be \(G^s\) hypoelliptic at \(x\) \((G=\) Gevrey) if whenever \(Lu\in G^s\) in some neighborhood of \(x\), necessarily \(u\in G^s\) in some (may be smaller) neighborhood of \(x\). Let \(L\) be the sum of squares of real vector fields with real analytic coefficients, and \(m\geq 1\) the last integer for which these vector fields satisfy the bracket condition to order \(m\) at \(x\). It is known that \(L\) is \(G^s\) hypoelliptic for every \(s\geq m\). But \(s=m\) need not be optimal. It was the author who showed [Journ. Equ. Dèriv. Partielles, St.-Jean-de-Monts 1995, Exp. No. 9 (1995)] that there are sum of squares for which the optimal Gevrey exponent satisfies \(1<s_0<m\), and \(s_0\) may be rational-non integer. In this note the author shows that \(s_0\) can take arbitrary rational values between 1 and \(m\).
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