Interpolating hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces

DOI10.1090/S0894-0347-00-00325-8MaRDI QIDQ4942939zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 15 March 2000

Published in Journal of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9712277

factorization of operators hereditarily indecomposable Banach space lifting property quotient space unconditional basis

Other combinatorial set theory (03E05) Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces (46B03) Summability and bases; functional analytic aspects of frames in Banach and Hilbert spaces (46B15) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) Interpolation between normed linear spaces (46B70) Convex sets in topological vector spaces (aspects of convex geometry) (52A07)

Abstract: It is shown that every Banach space either contains

e l l^{1}

or it has an infinite dimensional closed subspace which is a quotient of a H.I. Banach space.Further on,

L^{p} (l a m b d a)

,

1 < p < i n f t y

, is a quotient of a H.I Banach space.

Review text

A Banach space \(X\) is said to be hereditarily indecomposable if for any pair of closed infinite-dimensional subspaces \(Y\subset X\), \(Z\subset X\), with \(Y\cap Z= \{\emptyset\}\) the subspace \(Y+ Z\subset X\) is not closed. Such spaces are structurally irrelevant to classical Banach spaces with unconditional basis, in particular Hilbert spaces. The very detailed investigation of the structure of such spaces given in the paper leads to the conclusion that this class of spaces has also great practical importance and a logical connection with the spaces with unconditional basis through the construction of the quotient space. The answer to the general question of whether every separable Banach space is a quotient of a hereditarily indecomposible Banach space is negative, due to the lifting property of \(\ell^1(\mathbb{N})\). However, the following theorem is proved in the paper: Every Banach space \(X\) either contains a subspace isomorphic to \(\ell^1(\mathbb{N})\) or has a subspace which is isomorphic to a hereditarily indecomposable Banach space. The main result concerning factorization of operators is the following: Let \(T:X\to Y\) be a bounded linear operator between Banach spaces such that \(T[B_X]\) is a \(a\)-thin set. Then there exists a hereditarily indecomposable space \(Z\) and bounded linear operators \(F_1: X\to Z\), \(F_2:Z\to Y\) such that \(T= F_2\cdot F_1\) (i.e. \(T\) is factorized through a hierarchically indecomposable space).

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