Interpolative Decomposition Butterfly Factorization

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Abstract: This paper introduces a "kernel-independent" interpolative decomposition butterfly factorization (IDBF) as a data-sparse approximation for matrices that satisfy a complementary low-rank property. The IDBF can be constructed in O(NlogN) operations for an NimesN matrix via hierarchical interpolative decompositions (IDs), if matrix entries can be sampled individually and each sample takes O(1) operations. The resulting factorization is a product of O(logN) sparse matrices, each with O(N) non-zero entries. Hence, it can be applied to a vector rapidly in O(NlogN) operations. IDBF is a general framework for nearly optimal fast matvec useful in a wide range of applications, e.g., special function transformation, Fourier integral operators, high-frequency wave computation. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the butterfly factorization and its construction algorithms.




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