Introduction to dynamical systems
The authors give an overview of basic concepts of dynamical systems theory on an elementary level for the students entering this field. First of all they introduce the notion of dynamical system on some state space with a given control space. Then they give a classification of dynamical systems, consider in detail their properties (linearity, autonomity, reversibility, invertibility, conservativity, dissipativity, etc.), and prove the invariance of the most fundamental of them under coordinate transformations. Flows and maps are studied accurately along with a relatioship between them in terms of sections and Poincaré maps. The authors discuss attentively the stability of dynamical systems, especially notions of linear stability, spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, invariant sets, regular and strange attractors. Considering bifurcation, the authors discuss in detail the Hopf and saddle-point type of bifurcations, the period doubling bifurcations, the symmetry breaking of dynamics and unfolding, the hysteresis etc. Chaos is studied on such examples as the binary shift map, the Rossler and Lorenz attractors. The authors also consider the notions of stable and unstable manifolds and homoclinic tangles. Some applications are discussed briefly, e.g. the Landau and Ruelle-Takens routes to chaos in hydrodynamic turbulence and appropriate works by Gollub and Swinney on the Taylor-Couette flow. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0974.00042].
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