Introduction to semigroup theory

Publication date 19 July 1993

abstract systems controllability delay equations detectability Hille-Yosida theorem identifiability observability partial differential equations realizability stabilizability strongly continuous semigroup

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Groups and semigroups of linear operators (47D03) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06) Linear systems in control theory (93C05)

Review text

Some basic system theoretic concepts will be introduced for abstract systems of the form \[ \dot x(t)= Ax(t)+ Bu(t), \qquad x(0)= x^0, \qquad y(t)= Cx(t). \tag{1} \] Here \(A\) is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup \(S(t)\) on a Banach space \(Z\) and necessary and sufficient conditions for this to be the case are given by the Hille- Yosida theorem. For \(U\) another Banach space \(B\in {\mathcal L} (U, Z)\) and \(x^0\in Z\), \(u(\cdot)\in L^2 (0, \infty; U)\) a mild solution is defined to be \[ x(t)= S(t) x^0+ \int_0^t S(t-s) Bu(s) ds \tag{2} \] and \(x(\cdot)\in C(0; \infty; Z)\). Various definitions of controllability, observability, stabilizability, detectability, identifiability and realizability will be given and theorems which characterize them will be stated. Throughout the paper examples will be given (albeit trivial ones) which illustrate the way the abstract definitions and results can be applied to concrete problems defined via partial differential equations and delay equations. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0771.00025].

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