Invariant currents on limit sets
The paper investigates an \(n\)-dimensional complete hyperbolic manifold \(M=H^n/ \Gamma\), where \(\Gamma\) is a nonelementary torsion-free discrete group of orientation-preserving isometries of the hyperbolic space \(H^n\). The ball model is used where \(H^n\) has a kind of boundary \(S^{n-1}\). The action of \(\Gamma\) on the boundary sphere \(S^{n-1}\) reflects geometrical and analytical properties of \(M\). A \(p\)-form on \(M\), where \(0\leq p\leq n\), is the same as a \(\Gamma\)-invariant \(p\)-form on \(H^n\); the latter may be extended to the sphere at infinity \(S^{n-1}\). A \(p\)-hyperform on \(S^{n-1}\) is, by definition, an element of the dual space to the space of real-analytic \((n-1-p)\)-forms on \(S^{n-1}\). A \(p\)-current is a \(p\)-hyperform the coefficients of which are distributions. The main results of the paper are organized in seven theorems. Let us quote from these. 1. If \(n\) is even then up to a constant, \(\Phi_{n\over 2}\) is an isometric isomorphism between exact \({n\over 2}\)-forms on \(S^{n-1}\) which are Sobolev \(H^{-{1\over 2}}\)-regular, and \(L^2\)-harmonic \({n\over 2}\)-forms on \(H^n\). Here \(\Phi_p\) denotes the so-called Poisson transformation. It is defined in terms of integration over spheres in the tangential spaces and maps \(p\)-hyperforms on \(S^{n-1}\) to coclosed harmonic \(p\)-forms on \(H^n\). 2. A. If \(\Gamma\) is cocompact then for any \(p\in[1, {n \over 2}]\), there are isomorphisms between the following vector spaces: \{Harmonic \(p\)-forms on \(M\}\). \(\{\Gamma\)-invariant exact \(p\)-hyperforms on \(S^{n-1}\}\). \(\{\Gamma\)-invariant exact \(p\)-currents on \(S^{n-1}\) which are Sobolev \(H^{-p-\varepsilon}\)-regular for all \(\varepsilon> 0\}\). \(H^p(M, \mathbb{R})\), the \(p\)-dimensional real cohomology group of \(M\). 2. B. If \(\Gamma\) is convex-cocompact then for any \(p\in[1,{n-1\over 2})\), there are isomorphisms between the following vector spaces: \(\{L^2\)-harmonic \(p\)-forms on \(M\}\). \(\{\Gamma\)-invariant exact \(p\)-hyperforms on \(S^{n-1}\) which are supported on the limit set\}. \(\{\Gamma\)-invariant exact \(p\)-currents on \(S^{n-1}\) which are supported on the limit set and which are Sobolev \(H^{-p-\varepsilon}\)-regular for all \(\varepsilon> 0\}\). \(H^p_c(M,\mathbb{R})\), the \(p\)-dimensional real compactly-supported cohomology group of \(M\). 3. If \(n=3\), suppose that there is a positive lower bound to the lengths of the nontrivial closed geodesics on \(M\). Let \(\alpha\) be an \(L^2\)-harmonic 1-form on \(M\). Then for all \(\varepsilon >0\), the hyperform \(\Phi_1^{-1} (\pi^*\alpha)\) is Sobolev \(H^{-1-\varepsilon}\)-regular. 4. A. Suppose that \(\Gamma\) is cocompact. Let \(\alpha \) be a nonzero harmonic 1-form on \(M\). Then \(\Phi_1^{-1}(\pi^*\alpha)\) is not Sobolev \(H^{-1}\)-regular. 4. B. et \(\Gamma\) be a convex-cocompact group which is not cocompact. Let \(\alpha\) be an \(L^2\)-harmonic 1-form on \(M\). Then \(\Phi_1^{-1} (\pi^*\alpha)\) is Sobolev \(H^{-1}\)-regular. 5. A. Let \(\Gamma\) be a torsion-free uniform lattice, \(M\) a closed surface of genus \(g\). Then \[ \dim ({\mathcal A}_0'(S^1))^\Gamma =2g.\;\dim({\mathcal D}_0' (S^1))^\Gamma =2g.\;\dim( {\mathcal D}Z(S^1)/ \mathbb{C})^\Gamma=2g.\;\dim(L^2(S^1)/ \mathbb{C})^\Gamma=0. \] 5. B. Let \(n=2\) and \(\Gamma\) be a torsion-free nonuniform lattice, \(M\) the complement of \(k\) points in a closed surface \(S\) of genus \(g\). Then \(\dim({\mathcal A}_0' (S^1))^\Gamma =\infty\). \(\dim({\mathcal D}_0' (S^1))^\Gamma= \max(2g,2g +2k-2)\). \(\dim (H^{-{1\over 2}} (S^1)/ \mathbb{C})^\Gamma= 2g\). \(\dim({\mathcal D}Z(S^1)/ \mathbb{C})^\Gamma =2g\). \(\dim(L^2(S^1)/ \mathbb{C})^\Gamma=0\). Here the functors have the following meaning. \({\mathcal A}'=\) hyperfunctions, \({\mathcal D}'=\) distributions, \({\mathcal D}Z=\) derivatives of Zygmund functions plus constants. A subscript 0 restricts to maps which vanish on constant functions; a superscript \(\Gamma\) indicates a \(\Gamma\)-invariant subspace.
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