Invariant measures for Cartesian powers of Chacon infinite transformation

Measure-preserving transformations (28D05) Dynamical aspects of measure-preserving transformations (37A05) Nonsingular (and infinite-measure preserving) transformations (37A40) Dynamical systems involving maps of the interval (37E05)

Abstract: We describe all boundedly finite measures which are invariant by Cartesian powers of an infinite measure preserving version of Chacon transformation. All such ergodic measures are products of so-called diagonal measures, which are measures generalizing in some way the measures supported on a graph. Unlike what happens in the finite-measure case, this class of diagonal measures is not reduced to measures supported on a graph arising from powers of the transformation: it also contains some weird invariant measures, whose marginals are singular with respect to the measure invariant by the transformation. We derive from these results that the infinite Chacon transformation has trivial centralizer, and has no nontrivial factor. At the end of the paper, we prove a result of independent interest, providing sufficient conditions for an infinite measure preserving dynamical system defined on a Cartesian product to decompose into a direct product of two dynamical systems.

Review text

This paper studies boundedly finite measures that are invariant under Cartesian powers of an infinite measure-preserving Chacon transformation, denoted by \(T\). This map can be defined as a piecewise affine transformation of \(\mathbb R_+\), which, for any \(n\in\mathbb N\), is an interval exchange transformation of the intervals of the form \(I_{i,n} = [i/3^n,(i+1)/3^n]\) in restriction to the interval \([0,(7\times 6^n-2)/(5\times 3^n)]\). The precise description of this transformation can be made in terms of towers. Of course, \(T\) preserves the Lebesgue measure. The main theorem of this paper states that any boundedly finite measures that is invariant under \(T^d\) is in fact a product of so-called diagonal measures. A measure of \(\mathbb R_+^d\) is called \textit{diagonal} if in restriction to the sets \((C_n)^d\) (where the sets \(C_n\) are the intervals \([0,(7\times 6^n)/(5\times 3^n) + 1/(5\times 3^{n+1})]\)), it is supported by a single \(n\)-diagonal, where a \(n\)-diagonal is the restriction to \((C_n)^d\) of the \(\mathbb Z\)-orbit of the box \(I_{i_1,n} \times \cdots\times I_{i_d,n}\) under \(T^d\). The authors then study the diagonal measures. They prove that they are of two types: {\parindent=0.7cm \begin{itemize}\item[--] graph joinings arising from powers of \(T\), that is, measures \(\sigma\) of the form \[ \sigma(A_1\times\cdots\times A_d) = \alpha\text{Leb}(A_1 \cap T^{-k_2}(A_2) \cap \cdots\cap T^{-k_d}(A_d)). \] These measures are the only ones appearing in the finite measure case; \item[--] ``weird diagonal measures, whose marginals are singular. \end{itemize}} Under some hypotheses of absolute continuity on the marginals of the invariant measure, the second case cannot hold. From these facts, the authors deduce that \(T\) has a trivial centralizer and no nontrivial factor. The paper contains an appendix with a result of independent interest, which gives sufficient conditions for a infinite measure-preserving system to be decomposed into a Cartesian product of two systems.

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