Inverse problems for partition functions
Abelian results for the Laplace-Stieltjes transformadmissible pairs of functionscharacterization of the generalized Riemann hypothesis by asymptotic properties of partitionsFreiman's theoremgenerating power seriesinverse partition problemsKohlbecker's theoremsingularities of Dirichlet seriesTauberian theorems with remainder termweak asymptotic properties of partitionsweighted partition function
Given some nonnegative weight-function \(w(n)\), the weighted partition function \(p_w(n)\) is defined by the identity NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \sum_0^\infty p_w(n) \cdot x^n = \prod_{m=1}^\infty (1-x^m)^{-w(m)}. NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Starting from papers of \textit{P. Erdős} [Ann. Math. (2) 43, 437-450 (1942; Zbl 0061.07905)], \textit{E. E. Kohlbecker} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 88, 346-365 (1958; Zbl 0173.04203)], \textit{G. A. Freiman} [Izv. Akad. SSSR, Ser. Mat. 19, 275-284 (1955; Zbl 0065.02906)], Meinardus, Geluk, and others, the author is interested in the ``inverse problem of deducing asymptotic results for NEWLINE\[NEWLINE N_w(u) = \sum_{n\leq u} w(n) NEWLINE\]NEWLINE [with good remainder terms] from knowledge about the asymptotic behaviour of NEWLINE\[NEWLINE P_w(u) = \sum_{n\leq u} p_w(n),NEWLINE\]NEWLINE with remainder terms. Generalizing a result of E. E. Kohlbecker, the author proves: NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINELet \(\lambda(u)\) be positive, differentiable, \(\lambda(u) \nearrow \infty\), \(u^{-a} \lambda(u)\log u \searrow 0\) for some \(a\), \(0<a<1\), as \(u\to\infty\). Assume that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \log P_w(u) = A u^\alpha \left\{ 1 + {\mathcal O}\left({1\over {\lambda(u)}} \right)\right\},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE then NEWLINE\[NEWLINE N_w(u) = B u^b \left\{ 1 + {\mathcal O}\left({1\over {\log \lambda(u)}} \right)\right\},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(b={a\over{1-a}}\), and \(B\) is explicitly given in terms of \(A, a\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThis result is a special case of a more general result, formulated in terms of an ``admissible pair \((\Phi(u), \Phi^\ast(u))\) of functions [we omit the complicated definition of this notion]. The asymptotic formula NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \log P_w(u) = \Phi(u) \left\{ 1 + {\mathcal O}\left({1\over {\lambda(u)}} \right)\right\}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE implies NEWLINE\[NEWLINE N_w(u) = \Phi^\ast(u) \left\{ 1 + {\mathcal O}\left({1\over {\log \lambda(u)}} \right)\right\}.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Next, the author is interested in better remainder terms in the formula for \(N_w(u)\), under stronger assumptions. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAssume that \(\log P_w(u) = A u^\alpha + {\mathcal O}(u^{a_1})\), where \(A>0, 0<a_1<a<1\), and that the Dirichlet series NEWLINE\[NEWLINE f_w(s) := \sum_1^\infty {{w(n)}\over {n^s}} \quad\text{equals}\quad {1\over{\Gamma(s)\zeta(1+s)}}\cdot \left\{ {D\over{s-b}} + h_w(s)\right\}, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \( b = {a\over{1-a}}\) and \( D= A^{1/(1-a)} a^{a/(1-a)} (1-a)\), and where \(h_w(s)\) is analytic in \(\displaystyle \Re(s)> {{a_1}\over{(1-a)}}\). Suppose, furthermore, that \(w(n) = {\mathcal O}_\varepsilon( n^{a_1/(1-a)+\varepsilon})\), and \(|f_w(\sigma + it)|= {\mathcal O}_{\delta,\varepsilon} (t^\varepsilon)\) uniformly in \(\displaystyle\sigma \geq {{a_1}\over{(1-a)}}+\delta\). Then NEWLINE\[NEWLINE N_w(u) = B u^b + {\mathcal O}(u^{b_1 + \varepsilon}), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(b_1 = a_1/(1-a)\), \(b = a/(1-a)\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAs a corollary, the author obtains a characterization of Riemann's hypothesis by asymptotic properties of partitions, using the weights NEWLINE\[NEWLINEw_{k,\ell}(n) = \Lambda(n), \quad\text{if } n\equiv \ell \bmod k, \quad\text{otherwise } = 0.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Fix some \(\theta\), \({1\over 2} \leq \theta < 1\). Then all the Dirichlet \(L\)-functions \(L(s,\chi)\) [for any character \(\chi\) modulo \(k\)] are nonzero in the half-plane \(\{s\); \(\Re(s) > \theta\}\) if and only if for any \(\ell\), \((k,\ell) = 1\) and any \(\varepsilon > 0\) NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \log P_{w_{k,\ell}} = 2 \sqrt{ {\zeta(2)\over{\varphi(k)}} } \cdot u^{{1\over 2}} + {\mathcal O}_{\varepsilon, k, \ell} \left( u^{{\theta\over 2}+ \varepsilon}\right).NEWLINE\]
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