Irrationality of zeros of polygamma functions
For any positive integer \(k\), let \(\psi_k(z):=(-1)^{k+1}k!\sum_{n=0}^\infty 1/(n+z)^{k+1}\) denote the \(k\)-th polygamma function. The author proves the following results:\N\N-- For any positive integer \(k\), \(\psi_{2k+1}\) has no real zeros.\N\N-- For any positive integer \(k\), the real zeros of \(\psi_{2k}\) lie in the intervals \((-m+1/2, -m+114/227)\) for all positive integer \(m\).\N\N-- \(\psi_1\) has no zeros in \(\mathbb Z[i]\) and no zeros in the half-plane \(\text{Re}(z)\ge 0\).\N\NThe proofs of these assertions follows from a careful numerical analysis of the series that define the \(\psi_k\).\N\NThe author also proves that, for any given integer \(q\ge 3\), the dimensions over \(\mathbb Q\) of the \(\mathbb Q\)-vector spaces spanned by the sets \N\[\N\{\psi_{2k+1}(a/q) : 0 \le k \le N, 1\le a \le q, (a,q)=1\}\N\]\Nand \N\[\N\{1, \psi_{2k}(a/q) : 1 \le k \le N, 1\le a \le q, (a,q)=1\}\N\]\Nare \(\gg N\) and \(\gg \log(N)\), respectively.
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