Irreducible representations of braid groups
For the permutation group \(S_ N\), there is a set of commuting operators \(M_ k\). In the bases for the diagonal \(M_ k\), the real orthogonal representations of \(S_ N\) described by the Young patterns can be obtained easily. Generalizing the operators \(M_ k\), in this paper we define a set of commuting operators \(H_ k\) for the braid group \(B_ N\) with constraint \((b_ i-1)(b_ i+q^ 2)=0\). The irreducible representations for \(B_ N\) with the constraint are also described by the Young patterns, and the representation matrix \(D(b_ i)\) of the fundamental braid \(b_ i\) consists of \(1\times 1\) and \(2\times 2\) submatrices. The row (column) indices of the representation matrix are denoted by the standard Young tableau \(Y_ \nu\). Assume that \(i\) is filled in the box of the \(r_ \nu(i)\)-th row and the \(c_ \nu(i)\)-th column in \(Y_ \nu\). Denote the content of the box \(i\) in \(Y_ \nu\) by \(m_ \nu(i)=c_ \nu(i)-r_ \nu(i)\). Let \(m\) be \(m_ \nu(i)-m_ \nu(i+1)\neq 0\). When exchanging the positions of the box \(i\) and the box \(i+1\), the standard Young tableau \(Y_ \nu\) becomes another standard Young tableau \(Y_{\nu_ i}\) (\(| m|>1\)), or no longer a standard one \((| m|=1)\). Now we have: \[ D_{\nu\mu}(b_ i)=\begin{cases} -q^{1+m}/[m] & \text{ if } m>0\text{ and } \mu=\nu\\ q^{1+m}/[-m] & \text{ if } m<0\text{ and } \mu=\nu\\ q\{[m+1][m-1]\}^{1/2}/[| m|] & \text{ if } | m|>1\text{ and }\mu=\nu_ i \\ 0 & \text{ else } \end{cases} \] where \([m]=(q^ m- q^{-m})/(q-q^{-1})\). The relations between our representations and the monodromy representations based on the minimal representation of the quantum enveloping algebra \(U_ qA_ 1\) are discussed briefly in this paper. The representations for the braid group without the constraint are discussed in another paper [\textit{Z. Q. Ma}, \textit{D. M. Tong} and \textit{B. Zhou}, Commun. Theor. Phys. 18, 369-372 (1992)].
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