Isoperimetric Formulas for Hyperbolic Animals
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General applied mathematics (00A69) Asymptotic enumeration (05A16) Combinatorial inequalities (05A20) Polyominoes (05B50) Vertex degrees (05C07) Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Extremal combinatorics (05D99) Isoperimetric problems for polytopes (52B60) Lattices and convex bodies in (2) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C05) Tilings in (2) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C20)
Abstract: An animal is a planar shape formed by attaching congruent regular polygons along their edges. In 1976, Harary and Harborth gave closed isoperimetric formulas for Euclidean animals. Here, we provide analogous formulas for hyperbolic animals. We do this by proving a connection between Sturmian words and the parameters of a discrete analogue of balls in the graph determined by hyperbolic tessellations. This reveals a complexity in hyperbolic animals that is not present in Euclidean animals.
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