Weighted irregular Gabor tight frames and dual systems using windows in the Schwartz class (Q1000528)

Let \(g\in L^2({\mathbb R}^n)\) be a window function with \(\parallel g\parallel_2 = 1.\) The corresponding \textit{short-time Fourier transform} is defined, for \(f\in L^2({\mathbb R}^n)\), by \[ {\mathcal V}_gf(x,\nu) = \int_{{\mathbb R}^n}f(t)e^{-2\pi i \nu t} \overline{g(t - x)}\;dt,\;\;(x,\nu)\in {\mathbb R}^{2n}. \] One of the goals of the paper is to characterize the positive measures \(\mu\) on \({\mathbb R}^{2n}\) which satisfy \[ \int_{{\mathbb R}^{2n}}\left|{\mathcal V}_gf(x,\nu)\right|\;d\mu(x,\nu) = \int_{{\mathbb R}^{2n}}\left| f(t)\right|^2\;dt,\;f\in L^2({\mathbb R}^n)\;\;\;(1) \] in the case where the window \(g\) belongs to the Schwartz space \({\mathcal S}({\mathbb R}^n).\) According to Theorem 3.2, these are precisely the \textit{translation bounded} measures (i.e. for every compact \(K\subset {\mathbb R}^{2n}\) there exists a constant \(C > 0\) such that \(\mu(K + x) \leq C\) for all \(x\in {\mathbb R}^{2n}\)) with the property that \[ ({\mathcal F}^S\mu)({\mathcal V}_gg) = \delta_{(0,0)}\;\;\text{on}\;{\mathbb R}^{2n}. \] \({\mathcal F}^S\) denotes the symplectic Fourier transform, defined for \(h\in L^1({\mathbb R}^{2n})\) by the formula \[ ({\mathcal F}^Sh)(\xi, \eta) = \int_{{\mathbb R}^{2n}}e^{-2\pi i (\eta \cdot x - \xi \cdot y)}h(x,y)\;dxdy,\;(\xi, \eta)\in {\mathbb R}^{2n}. \] The interest of Theorem 3.2 is due to the fact that the problem of finding Parseval tight frames for \(L^2({\mathbb R}^{n})\) of the form \(\{\omega(x,\nu)^{\frac{1}{2}}e^{2\pi i \nu\cdot t}g(t - x)\}_{(x,\nu)\in \Lambda},\) where \(\Lambda\) is a discrete set in the time-frequency space and \(\omega\) is a positive function defined on \(\Lambda,\) is equivalent to finding discrete measures \(\mu\) which satisfy the identity (1). It is also proved that the uniqueness of the measure \(\mu\) appearing in (1) for a fixed window \(g\) is equivalent to the non-vanishing of the short-time Fourier transform \({\mathcal V}_gg.\) In particular this property is satisfied by the generalized Gaussian windows (Theorem 3.10), which means that for such a windows there is no way to construct discrete weighted irregular Gabor tight frames. The above mentioned theorem 3.2 is a particular case of a more general result valid for dual systems, proved in Section 4 (Theorem 4.6). The Section 5 indicates how some of the results obtained in the previous sections relate to known results in the case of regular Gabor systems. In Section 6 it is proved that, if a Gabor system associated with a window \(g\) in the Schwartz class and a positive measure \(\mu\) admits a dual of Gabor type then the Beurling density of the measure \(\mu\) exists and is equal to one (Theorem 6.3).