Non-classical Godeaux surfaces (Q1000595)

A minimal surface of general type \(X\) is called a numerical Godeaux surface if \(\chi(\mathcal{O}_{X})=1\) and \(K^{2}_{X}=1\). A numerical Godeaux surface \(X\) with \(h^{01}(X)\neq 0\) is called non-classical. The first result of the paper under review is that a non-classical Godeaux surface satisfies \(h^{01}=p_{g}=1\). Therefore if \(X\) is a non-classical Godeaux surface the Frobenius action on the one-dimensional vector space \(H^{1}(X, \mathcal{O}_{X})\) can be either zero and then \(X\) is called supersingular or bijective and then \(X\) is called singular. In the paper it is proved that non-classical Godeaux surfaces can exist in characteristic \(2 \leq p \leq 5\) only. For the rest of the paper the author specializes in characteristic \(5\) and in such case he proves that a non-classical singular Godeaux surface verifies \(Pic^{\tau}X=Pic^{0}X \cong \mu_{5}\), \(\pi_{1}^{\text{ét}}(X)\cong \mathbb{Z}/5\mathbb{Z}\), while a supersingular Godeaux surface verifies \(Pic^{\tau}X=Pic^{0}X \cong \alpha_{5}\), \(\pi_{1}^{\text{ét}}(X)=(0)\). Further he determines the Hodge invariants as well the cristalline cohomology. The paper ends with the classification of non-classical Godeaux surfaces (in characteristic 5) analogous to \textit{M. Reid}'s classification [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 25, 75--92 (1978; Zbl 0399.14025)] and with the proof of the existence of supersingular Godeaux surfaces. The existence of singular Godeaux surfaces was already established by \textit{R. Miranda} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 91, 9--11 (1984; Zbl 0605.14037)].