First-order univalence criteria, interior chord-arc conditions and quasidisks (Q1001947)

Let \(G\) and \(R\) be domains in the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\), where \(G\) is simply connected and \(0 \notin R\). A first-order univalence criterion for \(G\) is a condition of the form \(f'(G) \subset R\) or more generally of the form \(\log{f'(G)} \subset R'\) which implies that \(f\) is univalent in \(G\). The latter condition means that \(f'(z)=e^{g(z)}\) and \(g(G) \subset R'\). A well known univalence criterion due to Noshiro and Warschawski is that \(G\) is convex and \(R\) is the right half plane. Further conditions have been proved by \textit{J.~Gevirtz} [J. Anal. Math. 64, 173--202 (1994; Zbl 0826.30012)]. In order to state the main results of this paper, some notations are needed. For \(z_1\), \(z_2 \in G\) let \[ l(z_1,z_2) := \inf{\left\{\, \int_\gamma |dz| : \gamma \subset G\,, \;z_1,z_2 \in \gamma \,\right\}}\,, \] where \(\gamma\) are arcs. For \(a \in \mathbb{C}\) and \(\rho>0\) let \[ \Delta(a,\rho) := \{\, z \in \mathbb{C} : |z-a|<\rho \,\}\,. \] Finally, let \[ S_0 := \{\, z \in \mathbb{C} : -1 < \text{Re}{z} < 1 \,\}\,. \] Now, the main results of this paper can be stated as follows. Theorem~1. Let \(G \neq \mathbb{C}\) be a simply connected domain. Then the following statements are equivalent. (a) \(G\) satisfies an interior chord-arc condition, that is, there is a constant \(L_1\) such that \(l(z_1,z_2) \leq L_1|z_1-z_2|\) for all \(z_1\), \(z_2 \in G\). (b) There is an \(\varepsilon>0\) such that \(f'(G) \subset \Delta(1,\varepsilon)\) is a univalence criterion for \(G\). (c) There is a constant \(L_2\) such that \(g'(G) \subset \Delta(0,1)\) implies \(|g(z_1)-g(z_2)| \leq L_2|z_1-z_2|\) for all \(z_1\), \(z_2 \in G\). The second result gives a connection between univalence criteria and quasidisks. Theorem~2. Let \(G \neq \mathbb{C}\) be a simply connected domain. Then \(G\) has a univalence criterion of the form \(\log{f'(G)} \subset \alpha S_0\) for some \(\alpha>0\) if and only if \(G\) is a quasidisk. Theorem~3. For any \(\alpha \in \partial\Delta(0,1) \setminus \{1,-1\}\), there is a simply connected domain \(G \neq \mathbb{C}\) that is not a John disk but for which \(\log{f'(G)} \subset \xi\alpha S_0\) is a univalence criterion for \(G\) for some \(\xi>0\).