Generalized exponents of primitive two-colored digraphs (Q1002258)

An \(l\)-colored digraph \(D^{(l)}\) is primitive if there exists a nonnegative integer vector \(\alpha\) such that for each ordered pair of vertices \(x\) and \(y\) (not necessarily distinct), there exists an \(\alpha\)-walk in \(D^{(l)}\) from \(x\) to \(y\). The exponent of the primitive \(l\)-colored digraph \(D^{(l)}\) is defined to be the minimum value of the sum of all coordinates of \(\alpha\) taken over all such \(\alpha\). The Wielandt digraph \(W_n\) of order \(n \geq 3\) is the digraph on vertices \(v_1, v_2, \dots , v_n\) whose arcs are \(v_1 \rightarrow v_n \rightarrow n_{n-1} \rightarrow \cdots \rightarrow v_2 \rightarrow v_1\) and \(v_1 \rightarrow v_{n-1}\). Three different types of generalized exponents are introduced in this paper to generalize the concept of an exponent of a primitive \(l\)-colored digraph. The generalized exponents of primitive 2-colored Wielandt graphs are studied.