System of equations for stimulated combination scattering and the related double periodic \(A _n^{(1)}\) Toda chains (Q1002620)

In the stimulated combination (Raman) scattering, the evolution of the exciting and the first Stokes radiation pulses satisfies a system of partial differential equations due to Makhviladze, Sarychev and Shelepin [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 69, 499 (1975); Sov. Phys. JETP 42, 255 (1976)]. Assuming that velocities of the exciting and the first Stokes pulse are equal, a solution of the Makhviladze--Sarychev--Shelepin system is written in terms of a pair of solutions of the sine-Gordon equation that are related through the Bäcklund transformation (for a particular value of the Bäcklund parameter). In the second part these results are extended to the periodic \(A_n^{(1)}\) Toda chain, of which the sine-Gordon equation is a particular case. The author introduces the two-fold Toda chain as the system governing the Bäcklund transformation of the Toda chain. A Zacharov--Shabat formulation for the two-fold Toda chain is explicitly constructed.