Systems of \(sl(2,\mathbb C)\) tops as two-particle systems (Q1002644)

A top on a semisimple Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) is defined here to be a Hamiltonian system, the phase space of which is determined by the orbit of the coadjoint action of the corresponding Lie group \(G\). The authors show that a top is equivalent to a quadratic form on the algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\), and that quadratic forms which are equivalent under the action of the automorphism group yield the same equations of motion. Thereafter, the article is concerned with the case \(\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{sl}(2,{\mathbb C})\). Up to the equivalence mentioned above, it is argued that in this case there are three tops, called here \(XXX'\), \(XXZ'\) and \(XYZ\). For each of these, Darboux coordinates on the coadjoint orbits are constructed, and the physical interpretation of the evolution of the top discussed. It is shown that the three cases correspond respectively to the rational, trigonometric and elliptic Calogero systems.