Topological group criterion for \(C(X)\) in compact-open-like topologies. I (Q1005166)

Given a space \(Y\), denote by \({\mathcal K}(Y)\) the family of all compact subsets of \(Y\); for any \(K\in {\mathcal K}(Y)\) let \(O(K)=\{f\in C(Y): f(K)=\{0\}\}\). The family \({\mathcal A}=\{O(K): K\in {\mathcal K}(Y)\}\) generates a topology \(\tau\) on \(C(Y)\) such that \({\mathcal A}\) is a local base of \((C(Y),\tau)\) at the origin. This topology is called the compact-zero topology on \(C(Y)\). For a compact space \(X\) consider a filter base \({\mathcal F}\) of dense open \(F_\sigma\)-subsets of \(X\) and let \({\mathcal F}_\delta\) be the family of all countable intersections of elements of \({\mathcal F}\). Any set \(F\in {\mathcal F}_\delta\) is dense in \(X\) so the restriction map \(\pi_F: C(X)\to C(F)\) defined by \(\pi(f)=f|F\) for any \(f\in C(X)\), is injective. Let \(co(F)\) be the compact-open topology on \(C(F)\) and denote by \(cz(F)\) the compact-zero topology on the set \(C(F)\). For every set \(F\in {\mathcal F}_\delta\) the families \(\tau_F=\{\pi^{-1}(U) : Y\in co(F)\}\) and \(\sigma_F=\{\pi^{-1}(V) : V\in cz(F)\}\) are topologies on \(C(X)\) and hence \(\tau_{\mathcal F}= \bigwedge\{ \tau_F : F\in {\mathcal F}_\delta\} \) and \(\sigma_{\mathcal F}= \bigwedge\{ \sigma_F : F\in {\mathcal F}_\delta\} \) are also topologies on \(C(X)\). The authors study the situation when \((C(X),\tau)\) is a topological group for some (or each) \(\tau\in \{\tau_{\mathcal F}, \sigma_{\mathcal F}\}\). They basically consider the case when \(X=\beta Y\) and \({\mathcal F}\) is the family \({\mathcal C}\) of all cozero subsets of \(X\) which contain \(Y\). It is established, among other things, that if \(X=\beta Y\) for some space \(Y\) such that \(\upsilon Y\) is Lindelöf and Čech-complete then \(\tau_{\mathcal C}\) and \(\sigma_{\mathcal C}\) are group topologies on \(C(X)\). The authors also show that if \(Y\) is a discrete space of cardinality \(\omega_1\) and \(X= \beta Y\) then \(\tau_{\mathcal C}\) and \(\sigma_{\mathcal C}\) are not group topologies on \(C(X)\).