Poisson groups and differential Galois theory of Schrödinger equation on the circle (Q1006287)

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Poisson groups and differential Galois theory of Schrödinger equation on the circle
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    Poisson groups and differential Galois theory of Schrödinger equation on the circle (English)
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    20 March 2009
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    The space \(\mathcal H\) of Schrödinger operators on the circle \(H_u=-\partial^2_x-u\), \(u\in C^{\infty}\) may be regarded as the phase space for the KdV hierarchy with periodic boundary conditions. It carries a family of natural Poisson structures playing important role in the Hamiltonian description of the KdV flows. In this connection the authors investigate the second Poisson structure for the KdV equation associated with the third order differential operator \(l=\frac{1}{2}\partial^3_x+u\partial_x+\partial_xu\). This Poisson structure may be regarded as the Lie-Poisson bracket associated with the Virasoro algebra and as a result of the identification of \(\mathcal H\) with a hyperbolic in the dual space of the Virasoro algebra. The aim of the authors is to describe its extension to the space of wave functions, i.e. of solutions of the Schrödinger equations at zero energy level. Applications to KdV-like nonlinear equations are discussed. The same approach is applied to second order difference equations on an one-dimensional lattice, yielding an extension of the lattice Poisson Virasoro algebra.
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    Schrödinger equation on the circle
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    projective geometry approach
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    Poisson Lie groups
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    Poisson structure on the space of wave functions
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    applications to KdV-like nonlinear equations
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