Non-simple blow-up solutions for the Neumann two-dimensional sinh-Gordon equation (Q1006424)

The authors prove that there exists small \(\rho_0 > 0\) such that for any \(0 < \rho \leq \rho_0\) the problem \[ -\Delta u = \rho^2 \bigg(e^u - \frac{1}{\pi}\int_B e^u\bigg)- \rho^2 \bigg(e^{-u} -\frac{1}{\pi}\int_B e^{-u}\bigg) \] in the unit two-dimensional ball \(B\) and \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu} = 0 \] on \(\partial B\) has a solution \(u_\rho\) such that as \(\rho \to 0\) \[ \rho^2 e^{u_\rho} \to 8\pi \delta(x), \qquad \rho^2 e^{-u_\rho} \to 24\pi \delta(x) \] hold weakly in the sense of measure on \(\overline{B}\). Therewith they present the first nontrivial example of non-simple blow-up of solutions of \(\sinh\)-Gordon equations and partially answered a question posed by \textit{J. Jost, G. Wang, D. Ye} and \textit{C. Zhou} [Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 31, No. 2, 263--276 (2008; Zbl 1137.35061)].