One-dimensional Hurwitz spaces, modular curves, and real forms of Belyi meromorphic functions (Q1008535)

Summary: Hurwitz spaces are spaces of pairs \((S,f)\) where \(S\) is a Riemann surface and \(f:S\to\widehat{\mathbb C}\) a meromorphic function. In this work, we study one-dimensional Hurwitz spaces \({\mathcal H}^{D_p}\) of meromorphic \(p\)-fold functions with four branched points, three of them fixed; the corresponding monodromy representation over each branched point is a product of \((p-1)/2\) transpositions and the monodromy group is the dihedral group \(D_p\). We prove that the completion \(\overline{{\mathcal H}^{D_p}}\) of the Hurwitz space \({\mathcal H}^{D_p}\) is uniformized by a non-normal index \(p+1\) subgroup of a triangular group with signature \((0;[p,p,p])\). We also establish the relation of the meromorphic covers with elliptic functions and show that \({\mathcal H}^{D_p}\) is a quotient of the upper half plane by the modular group \(\Gamma(2)\cap\Gamma_0(p)\). Finally, we study the real forms of the Belyi projection \(\overline{{\mathcal H}^{D_p}}\to\widehat{\mathbb C}\) and show that there are two nonbicoformal equivalent such real forms which are topologically conjugated.