Multilinear functionals of Schatten class type and approximation numbers (Q1008844)

The main goal of this paper is to study connections between multilinear functionals of Schatten class type and approximation numbers. The idea is to investigate how the known linear results are lifted to the multilinear setting. In order to review the results of the paper, some terminology is needed. From now on, \(F,E_{j},F_{j}\) always represent Banach spaces and \(H,H_{j},K_{j}\) denote Hilbert spaces. The scalar field (real or complex) is represented by \(\mathbb K\). Let \(1\leq p<\infty.\) A continuous multilinear mapping \(T\in{\mathcal L} (H_{1},\dots,H_{n};F)\) is of Schatten class type \({\mathcal S}_{p}\) if, for each \(i=1,\dots,n\), there exist a Hilbert space \(K_{i}\), a continuous linear operator \(T_{i}\) from \(H_{i}\) to \(K_{i}\) belonging to the \(p\)-th Schatten-von Neumann class and \(S\in{\mathcal L}(K_{1},\dots,K_{n};F)\) such that \(T=S\circ(T_{1},\dots,T_{n})\). A rank \(\rho\) is a law that associates to each \(m\)-linear functional a non-negative integer \(0,1,2,\dots\) or \(\infty\), such that {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(a)] \(\rho(i_{n})=n,n=0,1,2,\dots,\) where \(i_{n}\in{\mathcal L}(^{m}l_{2} ^{n};\mathbb K)\) is defined by \[ i_{n}(x_{1},\dots,x_{m})= \sum_{k=1}^{n} (x_{1}\mid e_{k})\dots(x_{m}\mid e_{k}); \] \item[(b)] \(\rho(S+T)\leq\rho(S)+\rho(T)\) when \(S,T\in{\mathcal L} (E_{1},\dots,E_{m};\mathbb K);\) \item[(c)] \(\rho(S\circ(T_{1},\dots,T_{m}))\leq\rho(S)\) when \(S\in{\mathcal L} (F_{1},\dots,F_{m};\mathbb K)\) and \(T_{j}\in{\mathcal L}(E_{j};F_{j})\), \(j=1,\dots,m\). \end{itemize}} For a given rank \(\rho\) and \(T\in{\mathcal L}(E_{1},\dots,E_{m};\mathbb K)\), \(n=1,2,\dots,\) the \(n\)-th approximation number is defined by \[ a_{n}^{\rho}(T)=\inf\left\{ \left\| T-U\right\|: U\in{\mathcal L} (E_{1},\dots,E_{m};\mathbb K),\;\rho(U)<n\right\}. \] One of the main results of the paper asserts that if \(T:H_{1}\times \cdots\times H_{m}\rightarrow\mathbb K\) is of Schatten class type \({\mathcal S}_{p}\), for \(1\leq p<\infty\), then \((a_{k}^{\rho}(T))\in l_{p}.\) In the final section, the author investigates connections between the Schatten classes and nuclear multilinear functionals. In particular, it is proved that if \(T:H_{1}\times\cdots\times H_{m}\rightarrow\mathbb K\) is of Schatten class type \({\mathcal S}_{1}\), then \(T\) is nuclear. An example shows that the converse is not true, in general.