Structurally stable quadratic foliations (Q1011015)

Denote by \(F_2\) the set of quadratic vector fields on the plane without finite singular points (such a vector field generates a foliation of the plane). For \(X\in F_2\), denote by \(\pi(X)\) the corresponding Poincaré vector field on the 2-dimensional sphere \({\mathbb S}^2\). A vector field \(X\) is called \({\mathbb R}^2\)-structurally stable if \(X\) has a neighborhood \(U\) (in the coefficient topology) such that any field \(Y\in U\) is topologically equivalent to \(X\). A vector field \(X\) is called \({\mathbb S}^2\)-structurally stable if \(X\) has a neighborhood \(U\) (in the coefficient topology) such that, for any field \(Y\in U\), the fields \(\pi(X)\) and \(\pi(Y)\) are topologically equivalent. The authors obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for \({\mathbb R}^2\)- and \({\mathbb S}^2\)-structural stability (it should be noted that the corresponding sets of vector fields are different). It is shown that in both cases, the sets of structurally stable vector fields are dense in \(F_2\). Complete catalogs of structurally stable fields are presented.