The bead model and limit behaviors of dimer models (Q1011153)

It is considered the collection of configurations of beads strung on an infinite collection of parallel threads lying on the plane. A bead configuration on these threads gives a configuration of points on \(Z\times R\). The following constraints on the configurations are imposed: the configuration must be locally finite: the number of beads in each finite interval of a thread must be finite; between two consecutive beads on a thread, there must be exactly one bead on each neighboring thread. The set of bead configurations satisfying these two conditions is denoted by \(\Omega\). One of the main aims of this paper is devoted to construction of probability measures for the defined infinite system \(\Omega\) that are uniform in a certain sense. The author constructs measures with following two properies: they are ergodic under the action of \(Z\times R\) by translations; conditioned in an annular region, they induce the uniform measure on allowed configurations inside this region. The set \(\Omega\) endowed with such kind of measure is called a bead model. A one-parameter family of Gibbs measures on the bead configurations are constructed. When endowed with one of these measures, this model is shown to be a determinantal point process, whose marginal on each wire is the sine process (given by eigenvalues of large hermitian random matrices). A way to construct such measures is first to consider a discretized version of the bead model. The set of possible configurations \(\Omega_t\subset\Omega\), is constituted by the configurations for which the beads are located at sites of a lattice with mesh \(t\). It is show, in this discrete setting, there exist probability measures supported by \(\Omega_t\), for which the distribution of the beads is a determinantal random point field, by exhibiting a bijection between the discretized bead model and the dimer model on the honeycomb lattice. The measures on random tilings have the Gibbs property. Then the author proves that the sequence of discrete determinantal processes indexed by \(t\) converges to a determinantal random point field on \(Z\times R\) when \(t\) goes to zero. It is then proved that this process appears as a limit of any dimer model on a planar bipartite graph when some weights degenerate.