The divisibility modulo 24 of Kloosterman sums on \(\text{GF}(2^m)\), \(m\) even (Q1011448)

Let \(\mathbb F_q\) be the finite field of \(q=2^m\) elements and let \(\text{Tr}\) be the trace from \(\mathbb F_q\) to \(\mathbb F_2\). For \(a\in \mathbb F_q\) the Kloosterman sum is \[ K(a)=\sum_{x\in\mathbb F_q^*} (-1)^{\text{Tr}(x+ax^{-1})}. \] \textit{P. Charpin, T. Helleseth} and \textit{V. Zinoviev} [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 114, 322--338 (2007; Zbl 1112.11055)] computed \(K(a)\) modulo 24 when \(m\) is odd and found the number of \(a\) giving the same \(K(a)\) value modulo 24. Here the same is done when \(m\) is even. The techniques are different and depend on the number of irreducible cubic polynomials over \(\mathbb F_q\) with prescribed trace and norm.