Orthogonal rational functions and rational modifications of a measure on the unit circle (Q1011483)

Let \(\mu\) be a positive bounded measure on the unit circle \(T\) of the complex plane. In 1991, \textit{E. Godoy} and \textit{F. Marcellán} [Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., VII. Ser., A 5, No.1, 1--12 (1991; Zbl 0728.33003)] derived formulas in determinant form expressing the orthogonal polynomials (OPs) associated with the polynomial modification \(\widetilde\mu\) of the measure \(\mu\). This modification is of the form \(d\widetilde{\mu} = |p_m(z)|^2 d\mu\) \((z = e^{i\theta} \in T)\), where \(p_m\) is a polynomial of degree \(m\). \textit{E. Godoy} and \textit{F. Marcellan} [Can. J. Math. 45, No. 5, 930--943 (1993; Zbl 0796.42016)] derived formulas for OPs and rational modifications of a positive Borel measure (of the form \(d\widetilde{\mu} = {d\mu \over |p_m(z)|^2}\)) on a compact set of the complex plane including \(T\). In 1999, Bultheel, González-Vera and Hendriksen introduced the orthogonal rational functions (ORFs) as a generalization of OPs on \(T\) (this time \(d\widetilde{\mu} = |A_m(z)|^2 d\mu\), where \(\mu\) is a certain rational function of order \(m\)), in such a way that the OPs return if all poles are at infinity. These ORFs are analytic in the closed unit disc \(\overline{D}\). In this paper, the authors generalize the results for OPs and polynomial and rational modifications \(\widetilde\mu\) of a measure \(\mu\) on \(T\) to the case of ORFs. They present formulas expressing the ORFs associated with \(\widetilde\mu\) in terms of the ORFs associated to \(\mu\). The extension to the case of ORFs analytic outside the open unit disc \(D\) is easily made. Moreover, the authors compute the monic orthogonal rational functions (MORFs) associated with the rational modifications of a measure \(T\) through the MORFs associated with the initial measure. Finally, they derive expressions for the ORFs and MORFs associated with the rational modification \(\widetilde\mu\) of the Lebesgue measure \(\mu\) on \(T\), given by \(d\widetilde{\mu}(z) = |{z - \gamma \over 1 - \overline{\beta} z}| d\mu (z)\) \((|\gamma | \leq 1, \, |\beta | < 1)\).