Counting nodal lines which touch the boundary of an analytic domain (Q1014743)

The authors consider the closure \(\Omega\) of a bounded open subset of \({\mathbb{R}}^{2}\) with a piecewise real analytic boundary and consider the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenfunctions \(\{ \varphi_{\lambda_{j}} \}_{j\in{\mathbb{N}}}\) corresponding to the eigenvalues \(\{\lambda_{j}^{2}\}_{j\in{\mathbb{N}}}\) of \(-\Delta\) in \(\Omega\) and estimate in terms of \(\lambda_{j}\) for \(j\) large the following numbers: {\parindent=4mm\begin{itemize}\item[-]the number of connected components of the nodal set \({\mathcal{N}}_{\varphi_{\lambda_{j}}}=\{x\in\Omega:\, \varphi_{\lambda_{j}}(x)=0\}\) which intersect \(\partial\Omega\), both for the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenfunctions; \item[-]the number of elements of \({\mathcal{N}}_{\varphi_{\lambda_{j}}}\cap\partial\Omega\) for the Neumann eigenfunctions; \item[-]the number of critical points of \(\varphi_{\lambda_{j}} \) which lie on \(\partial\Omega\), both for the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenfunctions; \item[-] the number of connected components of the set of zeros of the Dirichlet eigenfunctions \(\varphi_{\lambda_{j}} \) in the interior of \(\Omega\) whose closure intersect \(\partial\Omega\). \end{itemize}}