All Reg-solid varieties of commutative semigroups. (Q1014790)

The author denotes by \(W(X)\) the set of all terms formed from a binary operation symbol \(f\) and the set \(X\) of variables. A hypersubstitution \(\sigma\) of type (2) is defined by specifying a term \(\sigma(f)\in W(\{x_1,x_2\})\); it is called regular if both variables \(x_1\) and \(x_2\) occur in the term \(\sigma(f)\). Every hypersubstitution \(\sigma\) defines a mapping \(\widehat\sigma\colon W(X)\to W(X)\) by letting \(\widehat\sigma(x)=x\) for all \(x\in X\) and \(\widehat\sigma(f(t_1,t_2))=\sigma(f)(\widehat\sigma(t_1),\widehat\sigma(t_2))\) for all terms \(t_1,t_2\in W(X)\). A semigroup variety \(V\) is said to be Reg-solid if \(V\) satisfies the identity \(\widehat\sigma(u)\approx\widehat\sigma(v)\) whenever it satisfies the identity \(u\approx v\) and \(\sigma\) is a regular hypersubstitution. The author classifies all Reg-solid varieties of commutative semigroups. They are precisely the subvarieties of the variety defined within the variety of all commutative semigroups by the identity \(x^2y\approx xy^2\) and form a distributive lattice that is described in the paper.