Euler, Pisot, Prouhet-Thue-Morse, Wallis and the duplication of sines (Q1022351)

The authors first show the following simple identity \[ \prod_{0\leq k <n} (1+aX^{2^k})=\sum_{0\leq j <2^n} a^{s(j)} X^j, \] where \(a\) is a complex number and \(s(j)\) is the sum of binary digits of a nonnegative integer \(n\). Then they generalize it to obtain a similar formula for the product \(\prod_{0\leq k <n} (1+aX^{\lambda_k}),\) where \(\lambda_k,\) \(k=1,2,3,\dots,\) is a sequence of complex numbers. From these identities they derive several known results, like Wallis' formula for \(\pi\), etc. They also show that the generalization of such formulas leads to other (unrelated) results concerning the Prouhet-Tarry-Escott problem, Pisot numbers, Gelfond's bound on \[ \sup_{x \in \mathbb{R}}|\sin (x) \sin (2x) \dots \sin (2^n x)|, \] etc.