On distribution of well-rounded sublattices of \(\mathbb Z^2\) (Q1024415)

A lattice \(\Lambda\) of full rank in the Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^n\) is called well-rounded if its minimal vectors span \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Such lattices occur naturally in various contexts, such as sphere packings and coverings, coding theory etc. The current paper contains a detailed study of well-rounded sublattices of full rank in \(\mathbb{Z}^2\), the set of values of their determinants and their minima sets. From the author's abstract: ``We show that the determinant set has positive density, deriving an explicit lower bound for it, while the minima set has density \(0\). We also produce formulas for the number of such lattices with a fixed determinant and with a fixed minimum. These formulas are related to the number of divisors of an integer in short intervals and to the number of its representations as a sum of two squares. We investigate the growth of the number of such lattices with a fixed determinant as the determinant grows, exhibiting some determinant sequences on which it is particularly large. To this end, we also study the behavior of the associated zeta function, comparing it to the Dedekind zeta function of Gaussian integers and to the Solomon zeta function of \(\mathbb{Z}^2\). Our results extend automatically to well-rounded sublattices of any lattice \(A\mathbb{Z}^2\), where \(A\) is an element of the real orthogonal group \(O_2(\mathbb{R})\).''