On weakly \(\pi\)-subcommutative near-rings. (Q1024580)

Let \(N\) denote a zero-symmetric near-ring with 1. Define \(N\) to be weakly \(\pi\)-subcommutative if for each \(a\in N\) there exists \(n\geq 1\) for which \(Na^n\subseteq aN\) and \(a^nN\subseteq Na\). Call \(N\) an EP near-ring (Expansion Possible near-ring) if for all \(a,b\in N\) and all positive integers \(k\), \((a+b)^{2k}\) can be written as \(\sum n_ia^kn_j+\sum m_ib^km_j+\sum a^kb^k\), where the \(n_i\) and \(m_i\) are elements of \(N\) and all the sums shown are finite. For any subset \(K\) of \(N\), let \(\sqrt K=\{x\in N\mid x^n\in K\) for some \(n\geq 1\}\). The first part of the paper gives elementary results with short proofs, involving weak \(\pi\)-subcommutativity and various other properties such as regularity, unit-regularity, and \(\pi\)-regularity. The penultimate theorem gives conditions which for regular \(N\) are equivalent to weak \(\pi\)-subcommutativity. The final theorem asserts that if \(N\) is a weakly \(\pi\)-subcommutative EP near-ring, then for any two-sided \(N\)-subgroup \(K\), \(\sqrt K\) is also a two-sided \(N\)-subgroup.