Frobenius splittings of toric varieties (Q1025420)

Let \(T = \text{Spec} \mathbb{Z}[M]\) be the torus with character lattice \(M\), and \(N\) be the dual lattice. Let \(\Sigma\) be a complete fan in the space \(N_{\mathbb R}\), with \(X = X(\Sigma)\) the associated toric variety over \(\mathbb{Z}\). Fix an integer \(q\) greater than one. Multiplication by \(q\) preserves the fan, maps the lattice \(N\) into itself, and therefore gives an endomorphism \(F : X \to X\). Pulling back functions by \(F\) defines a natural inclusion of \(F^* : \mathcal{O}_X \hookrightarrow F_*\mathcal{O}_X\). A splitting of \(X\) is an \(\mathcal{O}_X\)-module homomorphism \(\pi : F_*\mathcal{O}_X \to \mathcal{O}_X\) such that the composition \(\pi \circ F^*\) is the identity on \(\mathcal{O}_X\). If \(Y\) is a subvariety of \(X\) cut out by an ideal sheaf \(I_Y\) and \(\pi(F_*I_Y)\) is contained in \(I_Y\), then \(\pi\) is compatible with \(Y\). If \(Y\) is a toric variety embedded equivariantly into \(X\) as the closure of a subtorus of an orbit in \(X\), then a splitting compatible with \(Y\) induces a splitting of \(Y\). A toric variety \(X\) is called diagonally split if there is a splitting of \(X \times X\) that is compatible with the diagonal, for some \(q\). Let \(v_{\varrho}\) be the primitive vector of a one-dimensional cone \(\varrho\) of the fan \(\Sigma\). Define the diagonal splitting polytope as \[ \mathbb{F}_X := \{ u \in M_{\mathbb{R}} ; \;-1 \leq \langle u, v_{\varrho} \rangle \leq 1 \;\text{for all} \;\varrho \in \Sigma \}. \] The main result of the paper states that the toric variety \(X\) is diagonally split if and only if the interior of \(\mathbb{F}_X\) contains representatives of every equivalence class in \(\frac{1}{q}M / M\). This result is applied to the study of the section ring \[ R(L_1,\dots,L_r) = \bigoplus H^0(X, L_1^{a_1}\otimes\dots\otimes L_r^{a_r}) \] for line bundles \(L_1,\dots,L_r\) on a toric variety \(X\). Recall that a graded ring \(R\) is normally presented if it is generated in degree one with relations generated in degree two. Further, \(R\) is Koszul if the ideal generated by elements of positive degree has a linear resolution as an \(R\)-module. The author proves that if \(X\) is a complete, diagonally split toric variety and \(L_1,\dots,L_r\) are nef line bundles on \(X\), then the section ring \(R(L_1,\dots,L_r)\) is normally presented and Koszul. Another application concerns Schubert varieties. The author remarks that the Hirzebruch surface \(F_3\) is a Schubert variety in the \(G_2\)-flag variety. It is easy to deduce from the main result that the surface \(F_3\) is not diagonally split. This implies that in general Schubert varieties are not diagonally split.