Asymptotic stability of small solitary waves to 1D nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potential (Q1025730)

The author studies asymptotic stability of solitary wave solution (SW) to the Schrödinger equations (SEq): \[ iu_t+ u_{xx}= V(x)u\pm|u|^{p-1} u,\;(x, t)\in\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R},\;u(x, 0)= u_0(x)\in H^1(\mathbb{R}). \] Here \(V(x)\) satisfies two conditions: (V1) \((1+ x^2)V(x)\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\), (V2) \(L=-\partial_x^2+ V\) has only one non-positive real eigenvalue \(E_*\neq 0\), and \(0\) is not a resonance. SW means the solution \(u= e^{-iEt}\phi_E(x)\), \(E\in\mathbb{R}\) of the SEQ. Main Theorem: Let \(p\geq 5\). Suppose that \(\| u_0\|_{H^1}\) \((<\varepsilon_0)\) is sufficiently small. Then there exists \(E_+< 0\), real-valued function \(\theta(t)\), and \(v_+\in H^1(\mathbb{R})\) such that \[ |E_+- E_*|^{1/(p-1)}+\| v_+ \|_{H^1}= 0\;(\| u_0\|_{H^1}), \] \[ \lim_{t\to\infty}\| u(t)- e^{i\theta(t)} \phi_{E_+}- W\cdot\exp(it\partial^2_x) v_+\|_{H^1(\mathbb{R})}= 0, \] where \[ W= \lim_{t\to\infty}\exp(- itL)\exp(-it\partial^2_x). \] By using \(a= (a_1,a_2)= s(\cos\theta,-\sin\theta)\) in \(\phi(a)= \phi_{E(s)}e^{-i\theta}\), decompose the solution \(u(t, x)\) into two parts: \(u=\phi(a(t)) (x)+ v(t, x)\). To prove asymptotic stability, \(\|(1+ x^2)^{-3/4}v(t,x)\|< \infty\) in \(L_x^\infty L^2_t\) must be shown. Then he proves estimates \[ \|\partial_x e^{itL}Qf\|_{L_x^\infty L_t^2}\leq C\| f\|_{H^{1/2}} \] for \(\forall f\in S(\mathbb{R})\) etc., where \(Q\): a spectral projection associated to the continuous spectrum of \(L\).