Diophantine exponents of affine subspaces: the simultaneous approximation case (Q1025902)

Given \(\mathbf{y}=(y_1\dots y_n)\in\mathbb R^n\), define \(\omega (\mathbf{y})\) to be the supremum of all reals \(\nu\) with the property that there are infinitely many \(\mathbf{q}=(q_1\dots q_n)\in\mathbb Z^n\) such that there is \(p\in \mathbb Z\) with \(|\sum_{i=1}^n y_iq_i-p|< (\max_{i=1}^n |q_i|)^{-\nu}\). Further, \(\sigma (\mathbf{y})\) is defined to be the supremum of all reals \(\nu\) with the property that there are infinitely many \(q\in\mathbb Z\) for which there are \(p_1\dots p_n\in\mathbb Z\) with \(\max_{i=1}^n |qy_i-p_i|< |q|^{-\nu}\). By Dirichlet's Theorem, we have \(\sigma (\mathbf{y})\geq 1/n\) and \(\omega (\mathbf{y})\geq n\) for all \(\mathbf{y}\in\mathbb R^n\), and by Khintchine's transference principle, \(\sigma (\mathbf{y})=1/n\) if and only if \(\omega (\mathbf{y})=n\). Let \(M\) be a \(d\)-dimensional smooth submanifold of \(\mathbb R^n\), and \(\mu\) the measure class of the Riemannian volume on \(M\). The quantity \(\omega (M)\) is defined as the infimum of all reals \(\nu\) such that \(\omega (\mathbf{y})\leq \nu\) for \(\mu\)-almost all \(\mathbf{y}\in M\). Likewise, \(\sigma (M)\) is the infimum of all reals \(\nu\) such that \(\sigma (\mathbf{y})\leq\nu\) for \(\mu\)-almost all \(\mathbf{y}\in M\). The manifold \(M\) is called \textit{extremal} if \(\omega (M)=n\) or equivalently, \(\sigma (M)=1/n\). \textit{D. Y. Kleinbock} and \textit{G. A. Margulis} [Ann. Math. (2) 148, 339--360 (1998; Zbl 0922.11061)] proved Sprindzhuk's conjecture, which asserts that if \(M\) is non-degenerate, then it is extremal. This was generalized by \textit{D. Kleinbock} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 360, No. 12, 6497--6523 (2008; Zbl 1230.37009)] to submanifolds of affine subspaces of \(\mathbb R^n\). Suppose that \(M\subset L\) where \(L\) is an affine subspace of \(\mathbb R^n\). We say that \(M\) is non-degenerate in \(L\) at \(\mathbf{y}\) if there exists a diffeomorphism \(\mathbf{f}:\, U\to V\) from an open subset \(U\) of \(\mathbb R^d\) to an open subset \(V\ni\mathbf{y}\) of \(M\) such that for some \(l>0\) the partial derivatives of \(\mathbf{f}\) of order \(\leq l\) at \(\mathbf{y}\) span the linear subspace of \(\mathbb R^n\) parallel to \(L\). Then \(M\) is said to be non-degenerate in \(L\) if it is non-degenerate in \(L\) at \(\mathbf{y}\) for \(\mu\)-almost all \(\mathbf{y}\in M\). The result of Kleinbock asserts that if \(M\) is non-degenerate in \(L\), then \[ \omega (M)=\omega (L)=\inf\{ \omega (\mathbf{y}):\, \mathbf{y}\in M\}= \inf\{ \omega (\mathbf{y}):\, \mathbf{y}\in L\}. \] In his present paper, the author proves the analogous result for \(\sigma\), i.e., he shows that if \(M\) is non-degenerate in \(L\) then \[ \sigma (M)=\sigma (L)=\inf\{ \sigma (\mathbf{y}):\, \mathbf{y}\in M\}= \inf\{ \sigma (\mathbf{y}):\, \mathbf{y}\in L\}. \] He deduces this from a more general result on Besicovitch metric spaces endowed with a Federer measure. Further, he computes \(\sigma (L)\) for certain types of affine spaces \(L\).