A Kreĭn space coordinate free version of the de Branges complementary space (Q1028315)

Maximal non-negative subspaces of a Krein space \((X,[\cdot,\cdot])\) are studied. If \(\mathcal Z\) is a maximal non-negative subspace of \(X\), then it is shown that the subset \(\mathcal{H(Z)}\) of all elements \(h\) of the quotient space \(X/ \mathcal Z\) with \(\|h\|_\mathcal Z:=\sup_{x \in h} -[x,x]< \infty\) is a Hilbert space with respect to the norm \(\| \cdot \|_\mathcal Z\). The relation between \(\mathcal{H(Z)}\) and \(\mathcal Z^{[\perp]}\) is described. The results are coordinate free in the sense that they do not make use of a graph representation via the angular operator of the non-negative subspace \(\mathcal Z\) and, hence, of a fundamental decomposition of the Krein space \(X\). The relationship between \(\mathcal{H(Z)}\) and the analogously defined space \(\mathcal{H(Z^{[\perp]})}\) is described. Moreover, it is shown that there is a close connection between \(\mathcal{H(Z)}\) and the de Branges complementary space \(\mathcal{H(A)}\) of the range of the angular operator in the graph representation of \(\mathcal Z\). Connections to passive s/s (state/signal) systems are given, where \(\mathcal{H(Z)}\) is used as a state space.