Coefficient quantization in Banach spaces (Q1029547)

Let \((e_i)\) be a sequence in a (separable) Banach space \(X\). The authors consider the problem of approximation an element \(x\in X\), for a given \(N\), by an element of the `lattice' \(\mathcal{D}^N(e_i)=\{\sum_{i\in E}2^{-N}k_i e_i:k_i\in \mathbb{Z},\;E\subset \mathbb{N}\;\mathrm{finite}\}\). One of the main results is the perhaps surprising fact that roughly speaking, `quantization' of the unit ball for some \(\varepsilon>0\) automatically implies `quantization' of the whole space. A consequence of this is that, given \(\varepsilon>0\), every separable infinite-dimensional Banach space \(X\) admits a sequence \((e_i)\) contained in its unit ball such that the additive group generated by \((e_i)\) is \(1/(3+\varepsilon)\)-separated and \(1/3\)-dense in \(X\). The set \((e_i)\) has the \textit{Coefficient Quantization Property} (CQP) if, for each \(\varepsilon>0\), such that, for every finite \(E\subset \mathbb{N}\) and for every \(x\) with support contained in \(E\), there exists \(y\in\mathcal{D}^N(e_i)\) supported in \(E\) such that \(\|x-y\|\leq\varepsilon\). The main result of the paper: A separable Banach space \(X\) has a fundamental and total bounded biorthogonal system with the CQP if and only if it contains an isomorph of \(c_0\). The paper was motivated by results on approximation of bandlimited functions by quantized coefficients [\textit{I.\,Daubechies} and \textit{R.\,De Vore}, Ann.\ Math.\ 158, No.\,2, 679--710 (2003; Zbl 1058.94004)] and results on quantization of finite-dimensional frames [see, e.\ g., \textit{J.\,J.\thinspace Benedetto, A.\,M.\thinspace Powell} and \textit{Ö.\,Yilmaz}, Appl.\ Comput.\ Harmon.\ Anal.\ 20, No.\,1, 126--148 (2006; Zbl 1088.42018)].