Peano differentiation via integration (Q1029985)

Let \(f\) be a continuous function defined on some open interval \(I\) containing a point \(c\) and let \(n\) be a positive integer. The function \(f\) has an \(n\)th order Peano derivative at \(c\) if there exist numbers \(f_p^{(1)}(c),f_p^{(2)}(c),\dots,f_p^{(n)}(c)\) such that \[ f(c+h)=f(c)+f_p^{(1)}(c)h+\frac{f_p^{(2)}(c)}{2}\, h^2+\cdots +\frac{f_p^{(n)}(c)}{n!}\,h^n+\varepsilon(h)h^n \] with \(\lim_{h\to 0} \varepsilon(h)=0\). The number \(f_p^{(n)}(c)\) is the \(n\)th Peano derivative of \(f\) at \(c\). The function \(f\) has an \(n\)th order Haslam-Jones derivative at \(c\) if the limit \[ \frac{(2n-1)!}{2^n(n-1)!}\, \lim_{h\to 0} \frac{1}{h^n} \int_{-1}^1 (f(c+h)-f(c+ht))(P_n'(t)+P_{n-1}'(t))\,dt \] exists, where \(P_n\) represents the \(n\)th degree Legendre polynomial. The Haslam-Jones derivative is denoted by \(f_{h-j}^{(n)}(c)\). \textit{U. S. Haslam-Jones}, [Q. J. Math., Oxf. II. Ser. 4, 190--197 (1953; Zbl 0051.29802)] proved the Theorem. \(f_p^{(n)}(c)\) exists if and only if \(f_{h-j}^{(n)}(c)\) exists and the values are the same. In the paper under review an alternative and more direct proof of the theorem is given.