Bead spaces and fixed point theorems (Q1030186)

Let \((X,d)\) be a metric space and \(A\) a nonempty subset of \(X\). An \(x\in X\) is a central point for \(A\) if \(r(A):= \inf\{t\in (0,\infty)\): there exists a \(z\in X\) with \(A\subset B(z,t)\}= \inf\{t\in (0,\infty): A\subset B(x,t)\}\). The centre \(c(A)\) for a set \(A\) is the set of all central points for \(A\). A metric space \((X,d)\) is a bead space if the following is satisfied: for every \(r> 0\), \(\beta> 0\) there exists \(\delta> 0\) such that for each \(x,y\in X\) with \(d(x,y)\geq\beta\) there exists \(z\in X\) such that \(B(x,r+\delta)\cap B(y,r+\delta)\subset B(z,r-\delta)\). Every inner product space or uniformly convex space is a bead space. The following two theorems are main results of this paper. Theorem 14. Let \((X,d)\) be a bead space and let \(f: X\to X\) be a mapping. Assume that \(\emptyset\neq Y\subset X\) is a bounded set such that \(f(Y)\subset Y\) and \(x\in c(f/Y)\). If \(d(fx, fy)\leq d(x,y)\) for all \(y\in Y\), then \(x\) is a fixed point of \(f\). Theorem 15. Let \((X,d)\) be a complete bead space and let \(f: X\to X\) be a mapping. Assume that \(\emptyset\neq Y\subset X\) is a bounded set such that \(f(Y)\subset Y\). Then there exists a unique point \(x\in c(f/Y)\); if \(d(fx,fy)\leq d(x,y)\) for all \(y\in Y\) then \(x\) is a fixed point of \(f\). Each of Theorems 14 and 15 extends the well-known theorem of Browder-Gohde-Kirk for Hilbert spaces and uniformly convex spaces. Also, two theorems on continuous selections for metric and Hilbert spaces are proved.