Parking functions and vertex operators (Q1030520)

Motivated by \textit{M. Haiman} [Discrete Math. 193, No. 1--3, 201--224 (1998; Zbl 1061.05509), Invent. Math. 149, No. 2, 371--407 (2002; Zbl 1053.14005)], the author studies a family of modules for symmetric groups. Let \(B\) be a rank \(k\) lattice with basis \(\{ f_1, \dots, f_k\}\) and bilinear form \((\cdot,\cdot)\) given by \((f_p,f_q) = -1\) for \(1 \leq p,q \leq k\). Thus the kernel of the bilinear form is of codimension \(1\). Let \(\mathcal{V}\) be a vertex operator algebra associated with the lattice \(B\). By using vertex operators, the author constructs linear operators \(e_p[i]\) on \(\mathcal{V}\) for integers \(i\) and \(1 \leq p \leq k\), which satisfy the anti-commutator relations \(e_p[i] e_q[j] + e_q[j] e_p[i] = e_p[i+1] e_q[j-1] + e_q[j-1] e_p[i+1]\). For \(h \in B\), let \(v_h\) be a vacuum vector of the Fock space representation for the Heisenberg algebra. The image of \(v_h\) under the operator of the form \(e_{p_1}[i_1] \cdots e_{p_s}[i_s]\) is called a monomial. Such a monomial was introduced by \textit{M. Roitman} [J. Algebra 255, No. 2, 297--323 (2002; Zbl 1037.17036)]. The author considers a vector space \(\mathfrak{D}_n(k)\) spanned by a certain set of monomials. The space \(\mathfrak{D}_n(k)\) has a certain grading and it admits a natural action of the symmetric group of degree \(n\). It is shown that the character with respect to the grading is equal to the Frobenius character of the parking functions module. Relations with the Catalan number and the Fuss-Catalan number are discussed also.