Arithmetic properties of the Shimura-Shintani-Waldspurger correspondence. With an appendix by Brian Conrad. (Q1030523)

From the introduction: ``In his seminal paper \textit{G. Shimura} [Ann. Math. (2) 97, 440--481 (1973; Zbl 0266.10022)], Shimura initiated the systematic study of holomorphic modular forms of half-integral weight and showed that one could associate to a Hecke eigenform \(h\) of half-integral weight \(k+\frac{1}{2}\) a Hecke eigenform \(f\) of integral weight \(2k\) such that the \(p^2\)-th Fourier coefficient of \(h\) is closely related to the \(p\)-th Fourier coefficient of \(f\). The correspondence which associates \(f\) to \(h\) is often described as the Shimura correspondence, and \(f\) is called the Shimura lift of \(h\). Later, \textit{T. Shintani} [Nagoya Math. J. 58, 83--126 (1975; Zbl 0316.10016)] described a method to go in the other direction, namely construct modular forms of half-integral weight beginning with forms of integral weight using the theta correspondence. The relation between \(f\) and the square-free Fourier coefficient \(a_{\nu}(h)\) of \(h\) remained highly mysterious, but for a suggestion of \textit{G. Shimura} [Math. Ann. 229, 211--221 (1977; Zbl 0363.10019)] that these should somehow be related to special values of \(L\)-functions associated to \(f\). In two remarkable articles [Prog. Math. 12, 357--369 (1981; Zbl 0454.10015) and J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 60, 375--484 (1981; Zbl 0431.10015)], \textit{J.-L. Waldspurger} settled this question, showing (roughly) that \(a_{\nu}(h)^2\) is proportional (as \(\nu\) varies) to the value \(L(k, f\otimes \chi_{\nu})\) where \(\chi_{\nu}\) is the quadratic character associated to the field \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{\nu})\). A central tool that Waldspurger employs is the theta correspondence between the groups \(\widetilde{\text{SL}_2}\) and \(\text{PGL}_2\) as in the work of Shintani and Niwa. In a later article [Forum Math. 3, No.3, 219--307 (1991; Zbl 0724.11026)], \textit{J.-L. Waldspurger} also studied the theta correspondence for the pair \((\widetilde{\text{SL}_2}, PB^{\times})\) for \(B\) a quaternion algebra, and its relation to the Jacquet-Langlands correspondence between \(\text{PGL}_2\) and \(PB^{\times}\). Waldspurger's results are representation-theoretic in nature. In particular, he does not study the arithmetic properties of the theta-lifts in either direction. This issue was however considered by \textit{G. Shimura} [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 28, 605--632 (1981; Zbl 0499.10027)], who showed that (for suitable choices of theta function) the theta lift from \(\widetilde{\text{SL}_2}\) to \(PB^{\times}\) is algebraic and further, in the opposite direction, there is a canonical transcendental period modulo which the theta lift is algebraic. ``In this article, we will prove analogs of Shimura's results for rationality over specified number fields and also \(p\)-adic integrality. As a consequence we deduce several results relating periods of modular forms on different Shimura curves. These results include Theorem 1.1 on the rationality of period ratios, which can then ``be used to construct isogenies defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\) between quotients of Jacobians of different Shimura curves, without the crutch of Faltings' isogeny theorem'', as well as Theorem 1.2 on their \(p\)-adic integrality when \(p\) does not divide certain \(L\)-values. While the statement of these results does not involve forms of half-integral weight, the proof uses them in an essential way.