Infinite-dimensional homology and multibump solutions (Q1031975)

This interesting paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the authors introduce the Čech homology for compact metric pairs, with coefficients in a field, in a different way from the usual one. They define a homology with compact support for all metric pairs \((X,A)\) as the direct limits of \(\check{H}_*(P,Q)\) with respect to all compact \((P,Q)\subset(X,A)\). These theories satisfy all the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms. In Section 3, the authors introduce an infinite-dimensional homology and define the notion of critical group in terms of this homology. In Section 4, the Schrödinger equation \(-\Delta u +V(u)u=f(x,u)\), \(u\in H^1(\mathbb R^N)\), where \(V\) and \(f\) are periodic in \(x_1,\dots,x_N\) and 0 is a gap of the spectrum of \(-\Delta +V\) in \(L^2(\mathbb R^N)\), is considered. The authors sketch the procedure of \textit{A. Szulkin} and \textit{T. Weth} [J. Funct. Anal. 257, No.~12, 3802--3822 (2009; Zbl 1178.35352)] in order to obtain a ground state for \(f\) of subcritical growth. Section 5 is devoted to the proof that the ground state solution has a nontrivial critical group. Section 6 and Section 7 contain the discussion of multibumb solutions and the related technical details.